all about india in short

भारतीय गणराज्य * Bhāratiya Gaṇarājya Republic of India
Flag Emblem
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit) सत्यमेव जयते (Devanāgarī) "Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]
Anthem: Jana Gana Mana Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people[2]
National Song[4] Vande Mataram I bow to thee, Mother[3]
Capital		New Delhi
Largest city		Mumbai
Official Languages: Scheduled Languages:		Hindi, English[show] Hindi in the Devanagari script is the official language of the union[5] and English the 'subsidiary official language'.[6] 8th Schedule:[show] Assamese Bengali Bodo Dogri Gujarati Hindi Kannada Kashmiri Konkani Maithili Malayalam Manipuri Marathi Nepali Oriya Punjabi Sanskrit Santali Sindhi Tamil Telugu Urdu[7]
Demonym		Indian
Government		Federal republic[8] Parliamentary democracy[9]
-	Prime Minister	Manmohan Singh
-	President	Pratibha Patil
Independence		from British colonial rule
-	Declared	15 August 1947
-	Republic	26 January 1950
Area
-	Total	3,287,590‡ km² (7th) 1,269,346 sq mi
-	Water (%)	9.56
Population
-	2007 estimate	1.12 billion[8] (2nd)
-	2001 census	1,027,015,248
-	Density	329/km² (31st) 852/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2007 estimate
-	Total	$ 4.726 trillion[8] (3rd)
-	Per capita	$ 4,182 (118th)
GDP (nominal)		2007 estimate
-	Total	$ 1.089 trillion (12th)
-	Per capita	$ 1004 (132nd)
Gini (2004)		36.8[10]
HDI (2007)		▲ 0.619 (medium) (128th)
Currency		Indian rupee (₨) (INR)
Time zone		IST (UTC+5:30)
-	Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+5:30)
Internet TLD		.in
Calling code		+91

capitals and courts of different states........

STATE or UT	ADMINIST.	LEGIS.	JUDIC.	SINCE	FORMER CAPITAL
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	Port Blair	—	Kolkata	1956	—
Andhra Pradesh	Hyderabad	Hyderabad	Hyderabad	1956	Kurnool
Arunachal Pradesh	Itanagar	Itanagar	Guwahati	1972	—
Assam	Dispur	Guwahati	—	1972	Shillong[1] (1874-1972)
Bihar	Patna	Patna	Patna	1936	—
Chandigarh	Chandigarh[2]	—	Chandigarh	1966	—
Chhattisgarh	Raipur	Raipur	Bilaspur	2000	—
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	Silvassa	—	Mumbai	1961	—
Daman and Diu	Daman	—	Mumbai	1987	—
National Capital Territory of Delhi	Delhi	Delhi	Delhi	1956	—
Goa	Panaji[3]	Porvorim	Mumbai	1961	—
Gujarat	Gandhinagar	Gandhinagar	Ahmedabad	1970	Ahmedabad (1960-1970)
Haryana	Chandigarh	Chandigarh	Chandigarh	1966	—
Himachal Pradesh	Shimla	Shimla	Shimla	1948	—
Jammu and Kashmir	• Srinagar (S) • Jammu (W)	• Srinagar (S) • Jammu (W)	Srinagar	1948	—
Jharkhand	Ranchi	Ranchi	Ranchi	2000	—
Karnataka	Bengaluru	Bengaluru	Bengaluru	1956	Mysore
Kerala	Thiruvananthapuram	T'puram	Ernakulam	1956	Kochi[4] (1949-1956)
Lakshadweep	Kavaratti	—	Ernakulam	1956	—
Madhya Pradesh	Bhopal	Bhopal	Jabalpur	1956	Nagpur[5] (1861-1956)
Maharashtra	Mumbai[6] • Nagpur (W/2nd)[7]	• Mumbai (S+B) • Nagpur (W)[8]	Mumbai	1818 1960	—
Manipur	Imphal	Imphal	Guwahati	1947	—
Meghalaya	Shillong	Shillong	Guwahati	1970	—
Mizoram	Aizawl	Aizawl	Guwahati	1972	—
Nagaland	Kohima	Kohima	Guwahati	1963	—
Orissa	Bhubaneshwar	Bhubaneshwar	Cuttack	1948	Cuttack (1936-1948)
Pondicherry	Pondicherry	Pondicherry	Chennai	1954	—
Punjab	Chandigarh	Chandigarh	Chandigarh	1966	• Lahore[9] (1936-1947) • Shimla (1947-1966)
Rajasthan	Jaipur	Jaipur	Jodhpur	1948	—
Sikkim	Gangtok[10]	Gangtok	Gangtok	1975	—
Tamil Nadu	Chennai[11]	Chennai	Chennai	1956	—
Tripura	Agartala	Agartala	Guwahati	1956	—
Uttar Pradesh	Lucknow	Lucknow	Allahabad	1937	—
Uttaranchal	Dehradun[12]	Dehradun	Nainital	2000	—
West Bengal	Kolkata	Kolkata	Kolkata	1905	—

chief ministers of indian states..........

Andhra Pradesh	Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy	2004-05-14	Indian National Congress	all
Arunachal Pradesh	Dorjee Khandu	2007-04-09	Indian National Congress	all
Assam	Tarun Kumar Gogoi	2001-05-17	Indian National Congress	all
Bihar	Nitish Kumar	2005-11-24	Janata Dal (United)	all
Chhattisgarh	Raman Singh	2003-12-07	Bharatiya Janata Party	all
Delhi†	Sheila Dikshit	1998-12-03	Indian National Congress	all
Goa	Digambar Kamat	2007-06-08	Indian National Congress	all
Gujarat	Narendra Modi	2001-10-07	Bharatiya Janata Party	all
Haryana	Bhupinder Singh Hooda	2005-03-05	Indian National Congress	all
Himachal Pradesh	Prem Kumar Dhumal	2007-12-30	Bharatiya Janata Party	all
Jammu and Kashmir	Ghulam Nabi Azad	2005-11-02	Indian National Congress	all
Jharkhand	Madhu Koda	2006-09-18	Independent	all
Karnataka	Governor's Rule	2006-10-09	-	all
Kerala	V. S. Achuthanandan	2006-05-18	Communist Party of India (Marxist)	all
Madhya Pradesh	Shivraj Singh Chauhan	2005-11-29	Bharatiya Janata Party	all
Maharashtra	Vilasrao Deshmukh	2004-11-01	Indian National Congress	all
Manipur	Okram Ibobi Singh	2002-03-02	Indian National Congress	all
Meghalaya	Donkupar Roy	2008-03-19	Meghalaya Progressive Alliance	all
Mizoram	Pu Zoramthanga	1998-12-04	Mizo National Front	all
Nagaland	Neiphiu Rio	2003-03-06	Nagaland People's Front	all
Orissa	Naveen Patnaik	2004-05-17	Biju Janata Dal	all
Pondicherry†	N. Rangaswamy	2001-10-27	Indian National Congress	all
Punjab	Parkash Singh Badal	2007-02-28	Shiromani Akali Dal	all
Rajasthan	Vasundhara Raje Scindia	2003-12-08	Bharatiya Janata Party	all
Sikkim	Pawan Kumar Chamling	1994-12-12	Sikkim Democratic Front	all
Tamil Nadu	M. Karunanidhi	2006-05-12	DMK	all
Tripura	Manik Sarkar	1998-03-11	Communist Party of India (Marxist)	all
Uttarakhand	B. C. Khanduri	2007-03-12	Bharatiya Janata Party	all
Uttar Pradesh	Mayawati	2007-05-13	Bahujan Samaj Party	all
West Bengal	Buddhadeb Bhattacharya	2000-10-06	Communist Party of India (Marxist)	all

Ministers of State (Independent charge)

1. Oscar Fernandes - Minister of State of the Ministry of Labour and Employment
2. Renuka Chowdhury - Minister of State of the Ministry of Women and Child Development
3. Subodh Kant Sahay - Minister of State of the Ministry of Food Processing Industries
4. Vilas Muttemwar - Minister of State of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
5. Kumari Selja - Minister of State of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation
6. Praful Patel - Minister of State of the Ministry of Civil Aviation
7. G.K.Vasan - Minister of State of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

Ministers of State

1. E. Ahammed - Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs
2. Suresh Pachouri - Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions and Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
3. B.K. Handique - Minister of State in the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers and Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
4. Lakshmi Panabaka - Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
5. Dr. Dasari Narayan Rao - Minister of State in the Ministry of Coal
6. Dr. Shakeel Ahmad - Minister of State in the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
7. Rao Inderjit Singh - Minister of State in the Ministry of Defence
8. Naranbhai Rathwa - Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways
9. K.H. Muniappa - Minister of State in the Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways.
10. M. V. Rajasekharan - Minister of State in the Ministry of Planning
11. Kantilal Bhuria - Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
12. Manikrao Gavit - Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs
13. Shriprakash Jaiswal - Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs
14. Prithviraj Chavan - Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Office
15. Taslimuddin - Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
16. Suryakanta Patil - Minister of State in the Ministry of Rural Development and Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
17. Md. Ali Ashraf Fatmi - Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource Development
18. R. Velu - Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways
19. S.S. Palanimanickam - Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance
20. S. Regupathy - Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment and Forests
21. K. Venkatapathy - Minister of State in the Ministry of Law and Justice
22. Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan - Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
23. E.V.K.S. Elangovan - Minister of State in the Ministry of Textiles
24. Kanti Singh - Minister of State in the Department of Heavy Industry, Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
25. Namo Narain Meena - Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment and Forests
26. Jaiprakash Narayan Yadav - Minister of State in the Ministry of Water Resources
27. Dr. Akhilesh Prasad Singh - Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
28. Pawan Kumar Bansal - Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance
29. Anand Sharma - Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs
30. Ajay Maken - Minister of State in the Ministry of Urban Development
31. Dinsha J. Patel - Minister of State in the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
32. M.M. Pallam Raju - Minister of State in the Ministry of Defence
33. Dr. T. Subbarami Reddy - Minister of State in the Ministry of Mines
34. Dr. Akhilesh Das - Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel
35. Amit Kumar - Minister of State in the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion and Ministry of Commerce and Industry
36. Jairam Ramesh - Minister of State in the Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry
37. Chandra Sekhar Sahu - Minister of State in the Ministry of Rural Development
38. D. Purandeswari - Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource Development
39. Ambareesh - Minister of State in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
40. V. Radhika Selvi - Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs

knowledge centre.............

Cabinet ministers of india.........

1. Manmohan Singh - Prime Minister and also in-charge of the Ministries/ Departments not specifically allocated to the charge of any Minister viz.:
2. Pranab Mukherjee - Minister of External Affairs
3. Arjun Singh - Minister of Human Resource Development
4. Sharad Pawar - Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
5. Lalu Prasad - Minister of Railways
6. A K Antony - Minister of Defence
7. Shivraj V. Patil - Minister of Home Affairs
8. Abdul Rehman Antulay - Minister of Minority Affairs
9. Sushilkumar Shinde - Minister of Power
10. Ram Vilas Paswan - Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers and Minister of Steel
11. S. Jaipal Reddy - Minister of Urban Development
12. Sis Ram Ola - Minister of Mines
13. P. Chidambaram - Minister of Finance
14. Mahavir Prasad - Minister of Small Scale Industries and Minister of Agro and Rural Industries
15. P.R. Kyndiah - Minister of Tribal Affairs and Minister of Development of North Eastern Region
16. T. R. Baalu - Minister of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways
17. Shankersinh Vaghela - Minister of Textiles
18. Vayalar Ravi - Minister of Overseas Indian Affairs
19. Kamal Nath - Minister of Commerce and Industry
20. Hansraj Bhardwaj - Minister of Law and Justice
21. Sontosh Mohan Dev - Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
22. Saif-ud-din Soz - Minister of Water Resources
23. Raghuvansh Prasad Singh - Minister of Rural Development
24. Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi - Minister of Parliamentary Affairs and Minister of Information and Broadcasting
25. Mani Shankar Aiyar - Minister of Panchayati Raj and Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports
26. Meira Kumar - Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment
27. Murli Deora - Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas
28. Ambika Soni - Minister of Tourism and Culture
29. A. Raja - Minister of Communications and Information Technology
30. Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss - Minister of Health and Family Welfare
31. Kapil Sibal - Minister of Science and Technology and Minister of Earth Sciences
32. Prem Chand Gupta - Minister of Company Affairs